Confirmation Bias
🇳🇴BekreftelsesskjevhetDefinition
Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in ways that confirm what we already believe. We give more weight to evidence that supports our view, and overlook or downplay what contradicts it.
Real-world example
An investor who believes in a company will actively search for positive news and analyst ratings that confirm their choice, while negative signals are explained away or ignored. This can lead to holding onto losing investments for too long.
In everyday life, we see this in political discussions: People follow news sources that confirm their position, and dismiss counterarguments as 'fake news' or propaganda.
Supplementary perspective
Confirmation bias is amplified by algorithms in social media that show us content based on previous preferences, creating so-called 'filter bubbles'. This makes it even harder to be exposed to challenging viewpoints.
Practical advice
Recognize
- —Notice if you only read sources that support your view.
- —Ask: 'Am I looking for evidence, or am I looking for confirmation?'
Counteract
- —Actively seek out opposing viewpoints and sources.
- —Use the 'Steel man' technique: formulate the counterargument in its strongest form.
- —Ask others to challenge your reasoning.
Ethical use
- —Present balanced information in training and communication.
- —Design systems that expose users to diverse perspectives.